细胞重编程——1. 什么是细胞重编程

 细胞重编程是将特定类型细胞转化成其他细胞类型。尤其是直接重编程体细胞，比如成纤维细胞转化成多能细胞，比如诱导性多能干细胞，或者iPS细胞。2006年，干细胞研究领域出现了革命性的发现。逆转录病毒载体过表达小鼠4种转录因子Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, 和 c-Myc (mOSKM)，将小鼠胚胎成纤维部分重编程成为诱导性多能干细胞（iPS）(Takahashi 和 Yamanaka 2006). 接下来其他实验室制备了完全重编程的小鼠iPS细胞系，这些细胞实验证实具有小鼠胚胎干细胞（ES 细胞）相当功能，能够形成嵌合小鼠(Wernig et al 2007)。相应的，重编程也可以在人细胞上操作。使用hOSKM转录因子 (Yamanaka 2007) 或者使用一套因子组合（用Nanog和Lin28代替Klf4 和 c-Myc ）(Thomson 2007)可以制备iPS。

◆重编程的发展历程

重编程技术和递送技术近年来迅速发展，现在已经可以采用多种方法递送和表达必要的重编程因子进行直接重编程。这些方法包括整合逆转录和慢病毒载体，dox诱导表达系统和减少或者去除插入到宿主细胞基因组的瞬时或者可割取的方法。最近突破性的技术是在2010年9月干细胞会议上发布的修饰合成mRNAs，可以高效的进行人成纤维细胞的重编程，基因组不会发生改变。该项学术研究加速了其他策略的发展，会有更多的研究成果。

细胞重编程——指南目录

1.    什么是细胞重编程

2.   细胞重编程概述    

3.   mRNA重编程

4.    病毒重编程

5.    产品列表 

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