cAMP & cGMP 检测试剂盒

 cAMP & cGMP ELISA Kit

◆原理

　　环状核苷酸可作为G蛋白信号通道和钙离子信号通道的第二信使。

　　环状AMP（cAMP）是重要的第二信使，在很多生物学效应中起作用。已知大量激素通过能将ATP转变成cAMP的腺苷酸环化酶去激活cAMP。cAMP与血管疾病，神经系统，免疫，细胞生长和分化，代谢等有关。

　　环状GMP一般比cAMP的含量水平低10~100倍，鸟苷酸环化酶作用在GTP上形成cGMP。一些激素，比如乙酰胆碱，胰岛素，催产素和其他特定的化合物比如血清素，组胺会引起cGMP水平的升高。刺激鸟苷酸环化酶的化合物，比如血管舒张药硝普钠，硝化甘油，硝酸钠和一氧化氮会提高cGMP的含量。

　　相关疾病：心脏疾病，肿瘤，疼痛，哮喘，肥胖症，药物成瘾，精神疾病。

◆特点

●   兼容性好：可检测细胞裂解液，细胞培养上清，血清，血浆，唾液，组织或者尿液样品。可检测任意物种。

●   灵敏度高：优化的乙酰化步骤可以提高样品的检测灵敏度（可提高10倍）。

●   稳定性好：批次间的产品质量表现一致。

●   稳定性好：可用于高通量筛选，3小时完成检测。

●   稳定性好：简单，高效的样品处理步骤。

◆案例

●   检测小鼠视网膜裂解液

●   检测斑马鱼幼虫

●   检测软骨细胞匀浆液

●   检测N. benthamiana叶子抽提物

●   检测HUVEC细胞裂解液

●   检测大鼠肝脏组织

●   检测大鼠脑部匀浆液

cAMP  

cGMP

Q1：　乙酰化步骤是否是必须的？

A1：　如果样品中含有的cAMP或者cGMP浓度低或者想要提高检测灵敏度的话，样品需要进行乙酰化。乙酰化的

　　   灵敏度大概是非乙酰化的10倍多 。如果样品中的环状核苷酸的水平未知，推荐先检测几个样品（样品不进

　　   行乙酰化处理）。如果检测不到的话，样品进行乙酰化处理。

Q2：　是否可以用Complete ELISA试剂盒检测胞质中的cAMP/cGMP？

A2：　这些是比色法的ELISA试剂盒，定量检测任意物种的细胞裂解液，细胞培养上清，血清、唾液和组织样品

　　   （细胞内和细胞外的样品）的AMP/cGMP。

Q3：　我是否可用自己的裂解buffer（lysis buffer）?

A3：　当使用偶联物（conjunction）和中和试剂时，该试剂盒已经使用HCl裂解样品和稀释标准品。如果使用不

　　   同的buffer，并且用HCl稀释的话，反应的pH值不同（比如如果使用其他试剂，那么设计为了中和HCl的

　　   中和试剂不具有校对作用）。因此，为了优化结果，建议使用HCl进行细胞裂解和稀释。

Q4：　我样品中的cAMP/cGMP希望的浓度是多少？

A4：　样品中的cAMP/cGMP的量取决于样品的类型，来源甚至处理的方法。不幸的话，这个不是我们能够帮助

　　   您帮您预测的。建议使用者查找相关资料，在这些资料红，研究的是类似的样品，条件或者检测技术。

Q5：　用HCl处理的裂解液与哪些蛋白检测兼容？

A5：　最好先研究一下您希望使用的蛋白检测产品。比如，Pierc有不同的BCA检测试剂盒，在他们网站都有列出

　　   每个试剂盒兼容的试剂。我们建议直接和蛋白检测试剂的制造商或者销售商联系。他们应该可以提供相关

　　   解答。

Q6：　如果我的细胞在加入0.1M HCl后仍然没有裂解，该如何处理？

A6：　在使用0.1M HCl前，加入 Triton X-100（曲拉通 X-100）能够增加细胞或者组织的裂解。在这个浓度范围

　　   内使用，阴离子表面活性剂不会干扰乙酰化或者检测中结合的部分。然而，在最终检测OD值时，OD值会

　　   有一些增加。所以，含有Triton X-100的样品检测时，相应的标准品种也要添加Triton X-100。

Q7：　我需要使用多少样品？建议的稀释度是多少？

A7：　样品的用量和稀释度取决于样品中含有的cAMP/cGMP。建议客户可以参考相关的文章，该文章使用的是

　　   类似的样品类型，条件和检测技术。

Q8：　需要使用多少细胞？

A8：　组织的重量和细胞的数目完全取决于实验的条件。建议先测一两个样品，细胞的数目大概在2~5×106

　　   细胞/mL HCl。根据实验结果，有些样品可能需要进一步稀释。记住，稀释母液的方法比重新开始实验要容

　　   易些。

Q9：　是否可以用Direct ELISA试剂盒检测胞质的cAMP/cGMP？

A9：　该系列试剂盒可用于检测任意物种细胞或者组织裂解液的cAMP/cGMP。

Q10：　在用cAMP/cGMP ELISA或者cAMP/cGMP Complete ELISA试剂盒检测细胞培养上清的cAMP/cGMP

　　   时是否可以使用细胞培养基？

A10：　按照说明书所说，只要用含有分泌cAMP/cGMP的同样培养基稀释标准品。OD值上发生的细微变化与样品

　　   和标准品放置的板具有可比性。在研发这些试剂盒时，使用了cAMP/cGMP加样的含有酚红的PRMI1640

　　   和DMEM+Glutamax，OD值略有增加，样品也同样。建议优化自己的样品稀释度，对自己样品进行加样/

　　   回收测试，这样会得到更好的回收率和线性数据。

Q11：　乙酰化标准品和样品的最大结合率只有50%，为什么？

A11：　如果样品和标准品都已经乙酰化了，但是Bo标准品没有乙酰化的话，会出现上述情况。您的数据仍然是可

　　   用的。计算样品浓度的OD值，不计算%B/B0分析。

Q12：　哪些ELISA试剂盒能够检测胞质cAMP/cGMP？

A12：　Direct ELISA 试剂盒可以检测细胞内的cAMP/cGMP。如果想要检测胞内和细胞外的样品，可以使用

　　   complete ELISA试剂盒。

Q13：　是否可用这些试剂盒去研究激动剂和拮抗剂？

A13：　如果样品中的cAMP/cGMP符合试盒的检测范围，那么这些试剂盒可用于检测激动剂和拮抗剂引起的变化。

　　   当然，使用者最好建立样品中cAMP/cGMP 水平的基本线，优化激动剂和拮抗剂的处理。

Q14：　用assay buffer重悬后样品可以保存多久？

A14：　样品重悬后的稳定性不能评估。建议重悬后尽快使用。建议将样品保存在-80℃。

Q15：　干燥样品的话，如何处理？

A15：　使用真空离心（比如SpeedVac）或者氮气或者氩气进行干燥样品。如果样品多，建议使用真空离心的方

　　   法。样品可以在SpeedVac 室温放置过夜。第二天干燥，但是不能保证产品的完整性（因为不是在真空环

　　   境中保存样品）。

　　   用氮气干燥样品需要在气体末端使用玻璃枪头，将枪头正好悬在含有你样品的管子内。如果使用这个方

　　   法，建议首先在含有石油醚的管子上操作，确定操作流程的时间。

Q16：　用cAMP ELISA试剂盒Assay buffer稀释的样品，是否可用cGMP ELISA 试剂盒检测？

A16：　这两个试剂盒的Assay Buffer的货号是一样的，所以产品都是一样的。如果使用试剂盒其他所有组分，样

　　   品也没有问题。

Q17：　我是否可以保存乙酰化样品一段时间，晚点再测？

A17：　不。我们建议马上检测的样品才进行乙酰化处理。样品不添加试剂进行乙酰化处理时更稳定。

Q18：　我细胞的样品检测后数值不是很一致。我认为我的细胞可能穿孔了。

A18：　为了获得更一致的结果，我们建议检测时用裂解液彻底破坏细胞。由于细胞的厚度不一，建议用显微镜检

　　   查一下。

Q19：　需要使用多少assay buffer去重悬我的血清样品？

A19：　重悬样品的assay buffer体积完全取决于具体的实验情况。我们建议1mL assay buffer重悬1mL血清，然

　　   后进行一定的稀释。

Q20：　考虑到板子是用抗兔的IgG包被的，是否可用来检测兔血清的cAMP/cGMP？

A20：　该试剂盒提供的板子包被的是能够捕获cAMP/cGMP的通用抗体。试剂盒使用的山羊抗兔IgG的抗体，意味

　　   着含有高内源性IgG的兔样品会引起干扰，影响cAMP/cGMP的检测。如果必须检测这些样品，我们推荐在

　　   检测之前使用MWCO过滤或IgG去除试剂盒。请注意，我们没有测试过上述方法，也不能提供相关实验流程。

◆cAMP

 cAMP complete ELISA kit

Product Literature References

Arginine Thiazolidine Carboxylate Stimulates Insulin Secretion through Production of Ca2+-Mobilizing Second Messengers NAADP and cADPR in Pancreatic Islets: D.R. Park, et al.; PLoS One 10, e0134962 (2015), Application(s):ELISA using acetylated mouse islets, Abstract; Full Text

Cytotoxicity and Biological Efficacy of Exendin-4-Encapsulated Solid Lipid nanoparticles in INS-1 Cells: H. Jun, et al.; J. Nanomater. 2015, Article ID 753569 (2015), Application(s): ELISA using rat INS-1 cells, Full Text

Hepatic ANGPTL3 regulates adipose tissue energy homostasis: Y. Wang, et al.; PNAS 112, 11630 (2015), Application(s):ELISA using mouse tissue homogenate, Abstract; Full Text

Misoprostol modulates cytokine expression through a cAMP pathway: Potential therapeutic implication for liver disease: L. Gobejishvili, et al.; Cell Immunol. 6616, 30041 (2015), Application(s): ELISA kits quantifying cell lysates, Abstract;

Natural products induce a G protein-mediated calcium pathway activating p53 in cancer cells: P.R. van Ginkel, et al.; Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. (2015), Application(s): ELISA using MDA-MB-231 cells, Abstract;

Sinensetin Enhances Adipogenesis and Lipolysis by Increasing Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Levels in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes: S.I. Kang, et al.; Biol. Pharm. Bull. 38, 552 (2015), Application(s): ELISA, Abstract; Full Text

cGMP inhibition of type 3 phosphodiesterase is the major mechanism by which C-type natriuretic peptide activates CFTR in the shark rectal gland: H.R. De Jonge, et al.; Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 306, C343 (2014), Application(s): ELISA using dogfish shark supernatant, Abstract; Full Text

A role for GPRx, a novel GPR3/6/12-related G-protein coupled receptor, in the maintenance of meiotic arrest in Xenopus laevis oocytes: D. Ríos-Cardona, et al.; Dev. Biol. 317, 380 (2008), Application(s): EIA using xenopus cell lysates,Abstract;

General Literature References

Central role for cAMP signaling in pigmentation and UV resistance: J. D'Orazio & D.E. Fisher; Cell Cycle 10, 8 (2011),Abstract;

cAMP complete ELISA kit

Product Literature References

Arginine Thiazolidine Carboxylate Stimulates Insulin Secretion through Production of Ca2+-Mobilizing Second Messengers NAADP and cADPR in Pancreatic Islets: D.R. Park, et al.; PLoS One 10, e0134962 (2015), Application(s):ELISA using acetylated mouse islets, Abstract; Full Text

Cytotoxicity and Biological Efficacy of Exendin-4-Encapsulated Solid Lipid nanoparticles in INS-1 Cells: H. Jun, et al.; J. Nanomater. 2015, Article ID 753569 (2015), Application(s): ELISA using rat INS-1 cells, Full Text

Hepatic ANGPTL3 regulates adipose tissue energy homostasis: Y. Wang, et al.; PNAS 112, 11630 (2015), Application(s):ELISA using mouse tissue homogenate, Abstract; Full Text

Misoprostol modulates cytokine expression through a cAMP pathway: Potential therapeutic implication for liver disease: L. Gobejishvili, et al.; Cell Immunol. 6616, 30041 (2015), Application(s): ELISA kits quantifying cell lysates, Abstract;

Natural products induce a G protein-mediated calcium pathway activating p53 in cancer cells: P.R. van Ginkel, et al.; Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. (2015), Application(s): ELISA using MDA-MB-231 cells, Abstract;

Sinensetin Enhances Adipogenesis and Lipolysis by Increasing Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Levels in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes: S.I. Kang, et al.; Biol. Pharm. Bull. 38, 552 (2015), Application(s): ELISA, Abstract; Full Text

cGMP inhibition of type 3 phosphodiesterase is the major mechanism by which C-type natriuretic peptide activates CFTR in the shark rectal gland: H.R. De Jonge, et al.; Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 306, C343 (2014), Application(s): ELISA using dogfish shark supernatant, Abstract; Full Text

A role for GPRx, a novel GPR3/6/12-related G-protein coupled receptor, in the maintenance of meiotic arrest in Xenopus laevis oocytes: D. Ríos-Cardona, et al.; Dev. Biol. 317, 380 (2008), Application(s): EIA using xenopus cell lysates,Abstract;

General Literature References

Central role for cAMP signaling in pigmentation and UV resistance: J. D'Orazio & D.E. Fisher; Cell Cycle 10, 8 (2011),Abstract;

Direct cAMP ELISA kit

Product Literature References

Impaired enzymatic defensive activity, mitochondrial dysfunction and proteasome activation are involved in RTT cells oxidative damage: C. Cervellati, et al.; Biochim. Biophys. Acta. (2015), Application(s): ELISA using human supernatant,Abstract;

MEK Inhibitors Reverse cAMP-Mediated Anxiety in Zebrafish: P.R. Lundegaard, et al.; Chem. Biol. 15, 330 (2015),Application(s): ELISA determining cAMP concentration in zebrafish larvae, Abstract;

Temporal cAMP signaling selectivity by natural and synthetic MC4R agonists: B.M. Molden, et al.; Mol. Endocrinol. (2015),Application(s): cAMP determination by immunoassay, Abstract; Full Text

The cAMP phosphodiesterase Prune localizes to the mitochondrial matrix and promotes mtDNA replication by stabilizing TFAM: F. Zhang, et al.; EMBO Rep. (2015), Application(s): ELISA, Abstract; Full Text

The neuroprotective effect of lithium in cannabinoid dependence is mediated through modulation of cyclic AMP, ERK1/2 and GSK-3β phosphorylation in cerebellar granular neurons of rat: H.R. Rahimi, et al.; Iran. J. Pharm. Res. 14, (2015),Application(s): ELISA using rat supernatant, Full Text

Ubiquitin is a versatile scaffold protein for the generation of molecules with de novo binding and advantageous drug-like properties: F. Job, et al.; FEBS Open Bio 5, 579 (2015), Application(s): ELISA using cell lysates, Abstract; Full Text

Adenosine 2A receptor promotes collagen production by human fibroblasts via pathways involving cyclic AMP and AKT but independent of Smad2/3: M. Perez-Aso, et al.; FASEB J. 28, 802 (2014), Abstract;

Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 in the ventral tegmental area regulates depression-related behaviors: P. Zhong, et al.; J. Neurosci. 34, 6352 (2014), Application(s): EIA using mouse ventral tegmental area (VTA) homogenates, Abstract; Full Text

DCC is expressed in a CD166-positive subpopulation of chondrocytes in human osteoarthritic cartilage and modulates CRE activity: A.K. Bosserhoff, et al.; Int. J. Clin. Exp. Pathol. 7, 1947 (2014), Application(s): EIA using chondrocyte homogenates, Abstract; Full Text

Disruption of NHE8 Expression Impairs Leydig cell function in the testes: H. Xu, et al.; Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. (2014),Abstract;

Dopamine-2 receptor activation suppresses PACAP expression in gonadotrophs: S.J. Winters, et al.; Endocrinology 155, 2647 (2014), Abstract;

Global analysis of the HrpL regulon in the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 reveals new regulon members with diverse functions: H.N. Lam, et al.; PLoS One 9, e106115 (2014), Application(s): EIA using leaf extracts from N. benthamiana, Abstract; Full Text

High throughput synthetic lethality screen reveals a tumorigenic role of adenylate cyclase in fumarate hydratase-deficient cancer cells: M. Boettcher, et al.; BMC Genomics 15, 158 (2014), Application(s): EIA using human hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma (HLRCC) lysates, Abstract; Full Text

Identification of plumericin as a potent new inhibitor of the NF-κB pathway with anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and in vivo: N. Fakhrudin, et al.; Br. J. Pharmacol. 171, 1676 (2014), Application(s): EIA using HUVECtert lysates (acetylated samples), Abstract; Full Text

Lipid droplet protein LID-1 mediates ATGL-1-dependent lipolysis during fasting in Caenorhabditis elegans: J.H. Lee, et al.; Mol. Cell. Biol. 34, 4165 (2014), Abstract;

Low concentrations of metformin suppress glucose production in hepatocytes through AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK): J. Cao, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 289, 20435 (2014), Abstract;

Prostaglandin E2 promotes features of replicative senescence in chronically activated human CD8+ T cells: J.P. Chou, et al.; PLoS One 9, e99432 (2014), Application(s): EIA using cell culture supernatants, Abstract; Full Text

Regulator of G-protein signaling 6 (RGS6) promotes anxiety and depression by attenuating serotonin-mediated activation of the 5-HT(1A) receptor-adenylyl cyclase axis: A. Stewart, et al.; FASEB J. 28, 1735 (2014), Abstract;

Resveratrol and curcumin enhance pancreatic β-cell function by inhibiting phosphodiesterase activity: M. Rouse, et al.; J. Endocrinol. 223, 107 (2014), Application(s): EIA using mouse β-Min6 lysates and primary human islet lysates, Abstract;Full Text

The metabolite 5'-methylthioadenosine signals through the adenosine receptor A2B in melanoma: K. Limm, et al.; Eur J. Cancer 50, 2714 (2014), Abstract;

Three intragenic suppressors of a GTPase-deficient allele of GNAS associated with McCune-Albright syndrome: K. Turcic, et al.; J. Mol. Endocrinol. 52, 321 (2014), Abstract;

Age-dependent alterations in cAMP signaling contribute to synaptic plasticity deficits following traumatic brain injury: D.J. Titus, et al.; Neuroscience 231, 182 (2013), Application(s): EIA using rat cortex, hippocampus and thalamus homogenates, Abstract; Full Text

Calcium supplementation increases circulating cholesterol by reducing its catabolism via GPER and TRPC1-dependent pathway in estrogen deficient women: S. Li, et al.; Int. J. Cardiol. 168, 2548 (2013), Application(s): ELISA using rat liver tissue, Abstract;

Does 4-tert-octylphenol affect estrogen signaling pathways in bank vole Leydig cells and tumor mouse Leydig cells in vitro?: M. Kotula-Balak, et al.; Reprod. Toxicol. 39, 6 (2013), Abstract;

Liraglutide protects against amyloid-β protein-induced impairment of spatial learning and memory in rats: W.N. Han, et al.; Neurobiol Aging 34, 576 (2013), Application(s): EIA using rat brain homogenates, Abstract;

Molecular mechanisms underlying the rapid arrhythmogenic action of bisphenol A in female rat hearts: X. Gao, et al.; Endocrinology 154, 4607 (2013), Application(s): EIA using rat myocyte homogenates, Abstract; Full Text

Resveratrol prevents β-cell dedifferentiation in nonhuman primates given a high-fat/high-sugar diet: J.L. Fiori, et al.; Diabetes 62, 3500 (2013), Application(s): EIA using CHO cell supernatant, Abstract; Full Text

Role of AKAP79/150 protein in b1-adrenergic receptor trafficking and signaling in mammalian cells: X. Li, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 288, 33797 (2013), Application(s): ELISA using murine cardiomyocytes, Abstract;

Rolofylline, an adenosine A1 receptor antagonist, inhibits osteoclast differentiation as an inverse agonist: W. He, et al.; Br. J. Pharmacol. 170, 1167 (2013), Application(s): EIA using bone marrow macrophage lysates (acetylated samples),Abstract; Full Text

Constitutive cholesterol-dependent endocytosis of melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) Is essential to maintain receptor responsiveness to α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH): F.K. McDaniel, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 287, 21873 (2012),Application(s): ELISA using human neuronal cells, Abstract;

Drugs developed to treat diabetes, liraglutide and lixisenatide, cross the blood brain barrier and enhance neurogenesis: K. Junter & C. Hölscher ; BMC Neurosci. 13, 33 (2012), Application(s): ELISA analysis of mouse brain tissue, Abstract;Full Text

Liraglutide, a long-acting GLP-1 mimetic, and its metabolite attenuate inflammation after intracerebral hemorrhage: J. Hou, et al.; J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 32, 2201 (2012), Application(s): ELISA analysis of mouse brain tissue, Abstract;Full Text

Pharmacological validation of Trypanosoma brucei phosphodiesterases as novel drug targets: H.P. de Koning, et al.; J. Infect. Dis. 206, 229 (2012), Application(s): EIA using Trypanosoma lysates, Abstract; Full Text

Regulation of pancreatic cancer by neuropsychological stress responses: a novel target for intervention: H.M. Schuller, et al.; Carcinogenesis 33, 191 (2012), Application(s): ELISA using human pancreatic cancer xenografts, Abstract;

Acylated and unacylated ghrelin attenuate isoproterenol-induced lipolysis in isolated rat visceral adipocytes through activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ and phosphodiesterase 3B: A. Baragli, et al.; Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1811, 386 (2011), Application(s): EIA using rat adipocyte extracts, Abstract;

Characterization of the differential response of endothelial cells exposed to normal and elevated laminar shear stress: S.J. White, et al.; J. Cell. Physiol. 226, 2841 (2011), Application(s): ELISA using HUVEC, Abstract; Full Text

cAMP pulsing of denuded mouse oocytes increases meiotic resumption via activation of AMP-activated protein kinase: Chen J., et al.; Reproduction 138, 759 (2009), Abstract;

Heat-Labile Enterotoxin Promotes Escherichia coli Adherence to Intestinal Epithelial Cells: P. Hardwidge, et al. ; J. Bacteriol. 191, 178 (2009), Application(s): EIA using porcine cell lysates, Abstract;

PPARγ agonists inhibit vasopressin-mediated anion transport in the MDCK-C7 cell line: C. Nofziger, et al.; Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 297, F55 (2009), Application(s): ELISA using MDCK-C7 cell lysates, Abstract; Full Text

Androgens transduce the G-alpha s-mediated activation of protein kinase A in prostate cells: Y. Daaka, et al. ; Cancer Res. 68, 3225 (2008), Application(s): EIA using human cell lysates, Abstract;

beta-Arrestin-1 mediates glucagon-like peptide-1 signaling to insulin secretion in cultured pancreatic beta cells: J. Olefsky, et al. ; PNAS 105, 6614 (2008), Application(s): EIA using rat cell lysates, Abstract;

Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Regulation of Ion Transport in Porcine Vocal Fold Mucosae: M. Sivasankar, et al.; Laryngoscope 118, 1511 (2008), Abstract;

FMRP acts as a key messenger for dopamine modulation in the forebrain: M. Zhao, et al. ; Neuron 59, 634 (2008),Application(s): EIA using mouse cell lysates, Abstract;

Functional evidence for presence of lipid rafts in erythrocyte membranes: Gs-alpha in rafts is essential for signal transduction: Y. Takakuwa, et al. ; Am. J. Hematol. 83, 371 (2008), Application(s): EIA using human cell lysates, Abstract;

Regulation of G proteins by human 5-HT1a receptor TM3/i2 and TM5/i3 loop peptides: H.V. Thiagaraj, et al.; Neurochem. Int. 50, 109 (2007), Application(s): EIA using human cell lysates, Abstract;

Co-occurrence of Two Partially Inactivating Polymorphisms of MC3R Is Associated With Pediatric-Onset Obesity: N. Feng, et al. ; Diabetes 54, 2663 (2005), Application(s): EIA using human cell lysates, Abstract;

The hrpK Operon of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 Encodes Two Proteins Secreted by the Type III (Hrp) Protein Secretion System: HopB1 and HrpK, a Putative Type III Translocator: T. Petnicki-Ocwieja, et al. ; J. Bacteriol. 187, 649 (2005), Application(s): EIA using plant cell lysates, Abstract;

High-salt diet impairs vascular relaxation mechanisms in rat middle cerebral arteries: J.H. Lombard, et al. ; Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 284, H1124 (2003), Application(s): EIA using rat cell lysates, Abstract;

Lysine 270 in the Third Intracellular Domain of the Oxytocin Receptor is an Important Determinant for G{alpha}q Coupling Specificity: M. Yang, et al. ; Mol. Endocrinol. 16, 814 (2002), Application(s): EIA using monkey cell lysates, Abstract;

General Literature References

Central role for cAMP signaling in pigmentation and UV resistance: J. D'Orazio & D.E. Fisher; Cell Cycle 10, 8 (2011),Abstract;

◆cGMP

cGMP ELISA kit

Product Literature References

Quercetin Inhibits Pacemaker Potentials via Nitric Oxide/cGMP-Dependent Activation and TRPM7/ANO1 Channels in Cultured Interstitial Cells of Cajal from Mouse Small Intestine: H. Gim, et al.; Cell. Physiol. Biochem. 35, 2422 (2015),Application(s): ELISA using murine small intestine interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs), Abstract; Full Text

The Influence of Nitric Oxide on Soluble Guanylate Cyclase Regulation by Nucleotides: the Role of Pseudosymmetric Site: N. B. Surmeli, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. (2015), Application(s): ELISA, Abstract; Full Text

cGMP complete ELISA kit

Product Literature References

cGMP/PKG Signaling Suppresses Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptor Phosphorylation and Promotes Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Photoreceptors of CNG Channel-Deficient Mice: H. Ma, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. (2015), Application(s):ELISA using mouse retinal lysate, Abstract; Full Text

Heterozygous NPR2 mutations cause disproportionate short stature, similar to Léri-Weill dyschondrosteosis: A. Hisado-Oliva, et al.; J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (2015), Application(s): ELISA using primate supernatant, Abstract; Full Text

Subcellular Trafficking of Guanylyl Cyclase/Natriuretic Peptide Receptor-A with Concurrent Generation of Intracellular cGMP: I. Nabu, et al.; Biosci. Rep. (2015), Application(s): cGMP ELISA using human cells, Abstract; Full Text

cGMP inhibition of type 3 phosphodiesterase is the major mechanism by which C-type natriuretic peptide activates CFTR in the shark rectal gland: H.R. De Jonge, et al.; Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 306, C343 (2014), Application(s): ELISA using dogfish shark supernatant, Abstract; Full Text

cGMP accumulation causes photoreceptor degeneration in CNG channel deficiency: evidence of cGMP cytotoxicity independently of enhanced CNG channel function: J. Xu, et al.; J. Neurosci. 33, 14939 (2013), Application(s): ELISA using mouse retinal lysate, Abstract; Full Text

Direct cGMP ELISA kit

Product Literature References

Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Age-Related Changes on Na,K-ATPase Activity and Oxidative Status Induced by LPS In Rat Hippocampus: A.R. Vasconcelos, et al.; Neurobiol. Aging (2015), Application(s): ELISA using rat brain supernatant,Abstract; Full Text

PCSK6-mediated corin activation is essential for normal blood pressure: S. Chen, et al.; Nat. Med. 21, 1048 (2015),Abstract;

Dephosphorylation and inactivation of NPR2 guanylyl cyclase in granulosa cells contributes to the LH-induced decrease in cGMP that causes resumption of meiosis in rat oocytes: J. Egbert, et al.; Development 141, 3594 (2013), Application(s):EIA using rat ovarian follicles, Abstract;

Nitric oxide synthase-3 promotes embryonic development of atrioventricular valves: Y. Liu, et al.; PLoS One 8, e77611 (2013), Application(s): EIA using mouse cardiac tissue, Abstract; Full Text

Sestrin 2 and AMPK connect hyperglycemia to Nox4-dependent endothelial nitric oxide synthase uncoupling and matrix protein expression: A. Eid, et al.; Mol. Cell. Biol. 33, 3439 (2013), Application(s): EIA using rat glomerular mesangial cells,Abstract; Full Text

β-Sitosterol oxidation products attenuate vasorelaxation by increasing reactive oxygen species and cyclooxygenase-2: C. Yang, et al.; Cardiovasc. Res. 97, 520 (2013), Application(s): ELISA using rat aortic tissue, Abstract; Full Text

Chronic deficiency of nitric oxide affects hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) stability and migration in human endothelial cells: M.G. Cattaneo, et al.; PLoS One 6, e29680 (2011), Application(s): EIA using human cell lysate, Abstract; Full Text

cGMP secreted from the tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta is a signal molecule to the host intestine: N. Zimmerman, et al. ; J. Parasitol. 94, 771 (2008), Application(s): EIA using tapeworm culture supernatants, Abstract;

Evidence for functional heterogeneity of circulating B-type natriuretic peptide: A. Protter, et al. ; J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 49, 1071 (2007), Application(s): EIA using human cell lysates, Abstract;

Estradiol and progesterone modulate the nitric oxide/cyclic gmp pathway in the hypothalamus of female rats and in GT1-1 cells: H.P. Chu, et al. ; Endocrine 24, 177 (2004), Application(s): EIA using rat cell lysates, Abstract;

A Novel PDZ Protein Regulates the Activity of Guanylyl Cyclase C, the Heat-stable Enterotoxin Receptor: R.O. Scott, et al. ; J. Biol. Chem. 277, 22934 (2002), Application(s): EIA using monkey cell lysates, Abstract;

The Mechanism of Ciliary Stimulation by Acetylcholine: Roles of Calcium, PKA, and PKG: O. Zagoory, et al. ; J. Gen. Physiol. 119, 329 (2002), Application(s): EIA using frog cell lysates, Abstract;

Differential nitric oxide synthase activity, cofactor availability and cGMP accumulation in the central nervous system during anaesthesia: H.F. Galley, et al. ; Br. J. Anaesth. 86, 388 (2001), Application(s): EIA using rat cell lysates, Abstract;

Mechanism underlying diuretic effect of L-NAME at a subpressor dose: M. Liang, et al. ; Ren. Physiol. 281, F414 (2001),Application(s): EIA using rat microdialysate, Abstract; Full Text

The plasma membrane calmodulin-dependent calcium pump: a major regulator of nitric oxide synthase I: K. Schuh, et al. ; J. Cell Biol. 155, 201 (2001), Application(s): EIA using human cell lysates, Abstract;

Role of cGMP versus 20-HETE in the vasodilator response to nitric oxide in rat cerebral arteries: C.W. Sun, et al. ; Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 279, H339 (2000), Application(s): EIA using rat cell lysates, Abstract;

Increased cerebrospinal fluid cAMP levels in Alzheimer's disease: M. Martinez, et al. ; Brain Res. 846, 265 (1999),Application(s): EIA using human cerbrospinal fluid, Abstract;